Total Mix Ration (TMR) is an efficient system of delivering nutrients to dairy cattle and buffaloes. Feeding “complete rations” or TMR has been prevalent since the 1950s in developed countries. In conventional TMR, chopped green fodder or silage are blended with cereals, cereal by-products, protein sources, minerals, vitamins and feed additives in order to provide balanced ration to the dairy animals. However, in smallholder dairy production system that is predominant in India, a crop residue based TMR (also referred to as ‘dry TMR’) is more apt. It can be transported easily and stored for at least 2-3 weeks unlike the conventional TMR.
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